Thirty years ago, designers performed the calculations for transformers on their pocket calculators. The designer had to pencil all the input and output fields into a form and then feed them into the calculator. Today, he can forget the pencil, but he needs to enter the figures into spread-sheet programs such as Excel and Lotus 123.
Rale Transformer Design Software 18l
Once the first economical 8-bit computer had become available in 1978, professionals could begin to develop programs for designing transformers and inductors. This development work moved in two directions:
The Rale Design Software automatically calculates designs for transformers and inductors. Consequently, its database incorporates all the necessary materials including cores, bobbins, wires, steels, etc. in both metric and USA units. This database is totally user expandable. To use the programs, the designer needs only a basic knowledge of transformers or inductors and their operation mode. The designer does not need to use any complicated formulas, he only needs to follow two simple phases:
A large number of well-known transformer manufacturers do protect their non-short-circuit proof transformers with inert T miniature fuses with low breaking capacity, designing them in test mode with Ttest = 2 minutes and K = 2.1. Transformers designed in this way overheat during operation at 1.5 times nominal fuse current for 60 minutes to way above the permitted temperature. For this reason either IEC 127 needs to be expanded by adding the value that exists at 1.5 x fuse nominal current (Ifnom) , or IEC 61558 paragraph 15.3.3. should be redrafted.
The transformer usually has a primary and secondary coil on each leg. All the coil connections are accessible from the exterior and are used for serial and parallel circuits. The first picture in figure 3 shows the serial circuit. The ampere turns of the primary and secondary coils are compensated. If the transformer is used as shown in pictures 2 and 4, the ampere turns per leg are not compensated and the transformer diffuses a magnetic field that is 5-10 times greater. Picture 3 shows the design and internal wiring of the secondary coils at which the ampere turns always remain compensated.
It can be clearly seen that the transformer that was designed in accordance with test mode K=2.1 / Ttest=2 Minutes, and in operation under test mode K=1.5/Ttest = 60 minutes, will exceed the over-temperature by a factor of some 1.5.
Using the RALE distribution and power transformer design software and/or inductor design software can improve both your quality of life and your company profit because the RALE distribution and power transformer and inductor design software is world's best design software for power transformers and inductors.
The basic step to building a transformer is to create the model of the object. The model will give you a blueprint of the conceptual results, way before you start investing money and resources in the actual construction of the transformer. While there are many transformer design programs out there, we have out together a list of the top six solutions we believe are the best for transformer design. These solutions have everything you need to create your model from start to finish.
Transformer is an imperative mechanism which is used in the meadow of electricity generation in all over the world and is a motionless device which transfers electrical energy from one track to another circuit without change in the frequency. The objective of this article is to present an inclusive review of a variety of aspects of transformer. This paper discusses equivalent circuit design, losses measurement, testing of device, harmonic measurement issues. The relevance of evolutionary technique and renewable energy in transformer is also presented in this paper.
The intention of this article is to present a widespread evaluation of various aspect of transformer. Equivalent frameworkof transformer is crucial to be calculated because the two winding transformer is a part of electrical power system equipment forestimate different assessment parameters of electrical power system which may be obligatory to compute total inner impedanceof an power transformer, viewing from supply side or load side as per requirements. Losses measurement and testing of singleand three phase transformer is used for effective efficiency calculation of static device and also find out the essential performanceparameter of transformer [3,4]. Optimization technique is used to optimize maximizing function of efficiency calculation andminimization function of losses and cost calculation. This paper discusses equivalent circuit design, losses measurement, testingof device, harmonic measurement issues. The relevance of evolutionary technique and renewable energy in transformer is also accessible in this paper. Figure 1 shows categories different types of transformer.
The equivalent circuit of any device can be quite helpful in predetermination of the behavior of the device under variousconditions of operation and it can be drawn if the equations describing its behavior are known. The equivalent circuit for electromagneticdevices consists of a combination of resistances, inductances, capacitances, voltage etc. Romes et al. [5] describedequivalent circuit model of 3 phases 3 legged transformer which is influenced by tertiary stabilizing winding on zero sequenceperformance. In three winding transformer primary and tertiary winding has the highest and lowest voltage rating respectively andthe secondary has intermediate voltage rating. On the conceptual condition complete set of zero-sequence calculation taken in 3phase transformers is analyzed in relation to internal and external design structure such as permanent winding position relatedto high and low-voltage windings on the presence of magnetic shunts in the conservator tank. Based on various calculations, paperanalyzed the ability of different transformer equivalent circuit models to reconstruct zero-sequence performance accurately.Romes et al. [6] explained performance of conservator tank overheating hazards and short circuit duty of 3 phase transformer.This paper assess the influence of stabilize windings in 3 phase 3-legged transformers on oil tank overheating vulnerability andon the full load test performance of such transformers in the concept of unbalanced conditions which involving zero-sequencecurrents as asymmetrical faults. Xiaoxiao et al. [7] elaborated piezoelectric equivalent circuit model of transformer addition of ironand copper losses and full load external loads. In categorize to confirm the viability of the new circuit, four different external loadsconfigurations which reflect intensive and extensive loss behaviors are explored and simulated. The series and parallel resonanceand anti-resonance frequencies or time interval and their corresponding mechanical quality factors derived from the circuits arecompared with the actual samples with the different resistive and inductive loads and boundary conditions. Figure 2 shows generalequivalent circuit of transformer.
Losses measurement of the transformer is the effective way to calculation of efficiency of transformer. There are iron,copper, stray load and dielectric losses occur in transformer. Iron and copper losses are constant and variable losses which aremeasured by open circuit and short circuit test respectively. Hysteresis and eddy current losses which are the part of the ironor core losses depend upon the maximum flux density in the core and supply frequency. Xingmou et al. [23] presented lossescharacteristics at laminated core joints in a single phase transformer. The laminated joint replica is planned to solve the ironcore losses and hot-spot temperature rise problems of a transformer iron core, which are mainly caused by the nonstandardmagnetic field of joints in the laminated iron core. The different structures and sizes of the joints are considered when designingthe proposed model and an equivalent method of joint building factor (JBF) is presented to compute and clearly reflect therelation between core losses and the design structures. Jayanth et al. [24] described iron and core losses measurement andcalculation of magnetic curve due to development of voltage harmonics. This paper investigates the voltage distortion phenomenonduring no-load testing of transformers and its influence on open circuit loss calculations and a measurement techniquethat is unchanged by harmonics for obtaining single phase transformer magnetization B-H curves. Owing to economic reasons,open circuit loss correction for indistinct test signal has been addressed to some extent in accessible standards, while not muchhas been done on the aspect of calculation of magnetization distinctiveness. This is important for parameter estimation andtransformer modeling in power system transient simulations. Results from two test cases are presented, one is based on factorytesting with 290-MVA, three-phase, three-legged power transformer and second is a more comprehensive analysis using a laboratorytest setup with a 22-kVA single-phase transformer. Figure 4 shows classification of losses of transformer.
Testing of transformer is an episodic examination that will disclose if any circuits of single and three phase transformer arebeing burdened, locate any probable electrical shock risks and fire hazards in an setting up, recognize any imperfect electricalwork, or highlight any lack of grounding or bonding. Hamed et al. [41] described detection of two winding transformer mechanicaldeformation by different frequency response analysis connection. This article proposes a narrative method based on compareFRA traces of different correlation schemes recorded from the same low and high voltage winding to find out the mechanical deformationsand losses in terms of stray losses. Furthermore an equivalent circuit model of the windings is created and the simulationresults are also used to corroborate the experimental measurements of different parameters. Dolce et al. [42] developed atest instrument for the compliance check of insulated winding of two winding power transformer. In this article a new testing andcalibration instrument particularly planned for the observance check of windings for Medium Voltage/Low Voltage (MV/LV) castresin insulated two winding power transformers is presented. The proposed instrument based on the sweep frequency responseanalysis measuring procedure has been designed to carry out automatic measurements during the industrial production of thewindings. Bengang et al. [43] studied on simulation test device of transformer split type cooling system. This paper would investigatethe simulation test method of split cooling system based on a 10kV two winding distribution transformer. The test instrumentcan understand the adaptable control for the vertical and level position and as indicated by the temperature-rise test techniquefor transformers, execution trial of split sort cooling framework was yielded out in view of the change of oil stream or radiator area.At long last, the exploration aftereffects of various pipe measurement, stature and flat appropriation were proposed. 2ff7e9595c
Comments